The Scarrlet Letter :: essays research papers

The Scarrlet Letter As residents of the United States and individuals from the most open society on the planet it is hard for us to picture a reality where the expressions lady's rights, equivalent chance, and strict opportunity have small significance. When the outside of American history is damaged, not really profoundly a past of restricted rights for ladies is before long uncovered. The test to any creator comes in illustrating this pilgrim past to both current perusers and perusers to come. Nathaniel Hawthorne In his book ' The Scarlet Letter'; effectively meets this undertaking through the character of Hester Prynn. Hawthorne depicts a lady with freedom relatively revolutionary and a social request ill-equipped to acknowledge her. Â Â Â Â Â Hester's freedom was speedily exhibited at the novel's starting. The court has controlled as discipline for her infidelity she should wear 'An'; upon her chest, that to the pioneer filled in as a token of the discipline they would endure if their transgressions were to be found, and to Hester a token of transgression. Hester remains solitary outside the town hall as the close disapproved of pilgrim eyes gaze at her and the child in her arms. Numerous ladies during this time of American history would search for an approach to run. Hester gives little indication of disquiet, with exemption to her firm hang on the newborn child. At the finish of this scene the peruser realizes this is a solid lady attempting to keep up nobility in a land were a lady's freedom positioned directly above disrespect on the chain of command of esteems. Â Â Â Â Â Throughout the novel Hester exhibits her autonomy of living. Her better half never approaches, and her darling does likewise. With everybody denying relations Hester is compelled to live alone. She brings up the youngster without anyone else and is fruitful in her endeavor of sewing and sewing. Hawthorne educates us that this way of life of nonintervention is novel to her, and persuades us that a normal pioneer lady couldn't make due under these conditions. Now in the book Hester has given her autonomy in managing life's emergency, and in her style of living. Â Â Â Â Â The most ideal approach to comprehend a guardians character is to look at how they bring up their kids. This thought remains constant when one looks at intently the methods Hester uses to raise Pearl. In this time of strict totality, autonomy of thought, and the lessons of those beliefs directed close to nothing

Clinical Biochemistry Essay Short questions(degree)

Clinical Biochemistry Short questions(degree) - Essay Example To analyze Cushing’s condition levels of free cortisol are checked in the pee. Levels of cortisol in the spit and serum are checked at 12 PM to affirm the sickness. Dexamethasone which is an engineered glucocorticoid is controlled which prompts diminished cortisol if the expanded levels are because of a tumor in the front pituitary. Addisons sickness is described by inadequacy of cortisol which is caused for the most part because of creation of antibodies against the adrenal organ inside the body. This prompts diminished glucose digestion in the body causing hypoglycemia and it can end up being lethal in times of pressure and mellow contaminations. Hyperpigmentation is additionally observed. Levels of free cortisol are checked in the pee and serum and spit levels of cortisol are checked at 12 PM. Adrenocorticotropin hormone is then directed and levels of cortisol are measure. On the off chance that they don't rise it shows the inadequacy of the adrenal organ and precludes any issue with the foremost pituitary. Radioimmunoassay is a procedure wherein a known amount of named counter acting agent and a marked antigen is taken. This realized complex is added to with obscure amount of serum containing the antigens which should be estimated. The unlabelled antigen uproots the marked antigen and consolidates with the counter acting agent. This unlabelled antigen and immunizer is estimated. Various amounts of serum are taken and added to the named mind boggling and a chart is plotted and the qualities for the antigen in serum are estimated. This strategy is incredibly touchy and explicit on the grounds that the antigen and counter acting agent edifices framed are quite certain for one another. It is likewise exceptionally delicate in light of the fact that it can distinguish modest quantities of antigen. The outcomes acquired are precise if numerous examples are taken. To improve precision it is critical to clean the example also the reactants from outside particles to forestall any bogus outcomes . More examples

Ativan Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, and Treatment

Ativan Withdrawal Symptoms, Timeline, and Treatment Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Print How Long Does Withdrawal From Ativan Last? By Corinne O’Keefe Osborn linkedin Corinne Osborn is an award-winning health and wellness journalist with a background in substance abuse, sexual health, and psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Corinne O’Keefe Osborn Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 26, 2019 twitter linkedin Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Medical Review Board Daniel B. Block, MD on November 26, 2019 More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Overcoming Addiction Methods and Support Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Ativan (lorazepam) is a brand name prescription drug used to treat anxiety disorders, seizures, and insomnia. It is among the country’s most frequently prescribed medications. Ativan belongs to a class of drugs called benzodiazepines. Benzos, as they are often called, are central nervous system depressants that have a sedating and relaxing effect. Unfortunately, tolerance and dependence are not uncommon. Verywell / Emily Roberts     Overview From 1996 to 2013, the number of people filling benzo prescriptions increased by 67 percent, going from 8 to 13.5 million. In 2011, doctors wrote more than 27 million prescriptions for lorazepam (Ativan) alone. Estimates suggest that as of 2016, half a million people in the United States were misusing sedatives like Ativan. Unfortunately, Ativan withdrawal doesn’t only affect people who have been misusing the drug, but their family members and loved ones as well. If you’ve been using Ativan daily for more than a few weeks, you can expect some withdrawal symptoms.    Ativan withdrawal is a challenging, uncomfortable experience. Many people take Ativan regularly for years without realizing quite how dependent they have become. You may know the feeling of wanting to take an Ativan when you don’t have one, or of waiting too long in between doses, but withdrawal is a whole different beast. Signs and Symptoms Benzos like Ativan were originally intended for short-term use, but long-term use for anxiety and insomnia has become commonplace. Taking Ativan for as little as three to six weeks, even at therapeutic doses, can cause physical dependence and mild withdrawal symptoms. Around 40 percent of people on benzos for more than six months will have moderate to severe withdrawal symptoms if they stop taking it abruptly. The other 60 percent will have mild symptoms. The severity of withdrawal symptoms is also associated with your current dose. If you are on a high dose of Ativan or if you mix Ativan with other benzos, your withdrawal symptoms may be more severe. When your daily dose of Ativan is suddenly stopped or significantly reduced, withdrawal symptoms can appear in as little as eight to 12 hours. You can expect to feel extremely anxious and irritable for several weeks. The anxiety you feel during Ativan withdrawal will probably be worse than the level of anxiety you were experiencing before you started taking it. Insomnia can compound the effects of anxiety and it can feel like your sleep patterns will never return to normal. Many people experience bad headaches, hand tremors, and muscle aches. You may find it hard to concentrate or have problems with your memory. In severe cases of high-dose withdrawal, some people experience hallucinations, delirium, and grand mal seizures.     Further potential symptoms include: AnxietyInsomniaIrritabilityRestlessnessHand tremorsMuscle spasmsHeadacheSweatingRacing pulseHyperventilationNausea or vomitingAches and painsPanic attacksHypersensitivity to stimuli like light and touchAbnormal bodily sensations (skin-crawling, goosebumps)DepressionProblems with concentration and memoryVisual disturbances (flashes of light or blurred vision)Auditory, tactile, or visual hallucinationsFeelings of unrealityDeliriumGrand mal seizures Some studies describe acute lorazepam withdrawal is at its worst on the second day and improves by the fourth or fifth day.  Other researchers, including the World Health Organization (WHO), have found that acute symptoms last longer, typically between one and four weeks.  It has been estimated that anywhere from 10 to 25 percent of long-term benzo users experience what’s known as protracted withdrawal. Protracted withdrawal involves milder symptoms that come and go for several months. It’s definitely not easy, but it typically resolves on its own within one year.   Coping Relief The best way to deal with benzo withdrawal is to abandon any attempt to quit cold turkey or all at once. Quitting Ativan takes time and planning. You can avoid the worst of Ativan withdrawal by working with your doctor to taper down your dose. Tapering involves taking progressively smaller doses of Ativan over a period of several weeks or months. Before your tapering begins, your doctor may switch you from Ativan to a longer-acting benzo such as diazepam. A long-acting drug helps stabilize you and make your taper smoother. There is no single tapering schedule that works best for everyone. The higher your dose, the more significant your first dose reduction will be. Once you are stabilized on a lower dose of diazepam, your doctor will reduce your dose by roughly 10 to 20 percent every week. Your doctor may prescribe small amounts of the medication at a time, to prevent you from taking more than you should. If you have been using Ativan for longer than six months, tapering is the only safe way to stop taking the drug. While tapering will reduce your withdrawal symptoms, it won’t get rid of them entirely. You may have symptoms each time your dose is reduced. To help you cope with these symptoms, consider the following options: Cognitive behavioral therapyMeditationMindfulnessExercise Warnings Quitting Ativan cold turkey can be dangerous. People quitting benzos abruptly may experience a life-threatening grand mal seizure. Without a taper, quitting Ativan can also potentially cause delirium, another dangerous condition that can cause people to become acutely confused along with other symptoms. While it may feel to you like Ativan is not a very serious drug, especially if you only take it as directed, it has powerful effects on your brain. Some drugs, even serious illicit ones like cocaine, are safe to quit on your own. Benzos are not. However, most people don’t need to undergo inpatient detox. Consulting your primary care doctor or psychiatrist on an outpatient level should be sufficient. Your doctor can monitor your tapering progress through frequent visits and phone calls. If you have a history of complicated withdrawal, seizures, or severe mental illness, you may be better off in an inpatient setting. This can involve living at a detox or rehab facility for several weeks, where you can be monitored for complications. Psychiatric Symptoms Ativan withdrawal can coincide with the reemergence of psychiatric symptoms that may have been dormant while you were using the drug. This can include severe anxiety, PTSD symptoms, OCD symptoms, and depression. Inpatient treatment may be required is severe symptoms emerge. Talk to your psychiatrist or psychologist about helping you work with your insurance company to get treatment. If you are uninsured, there are inpatient facilities that still may be an option. The decision about whether to continue using Ativan during pregnancy is one that each woman has to consider with the help of her doctor. If you are pregnant, talk to your psychiatrist or OBGYN about the risks of continuing the drug and the risks of quitting while pregnant. There are no hard-and-fast rules about which is better for the mother or baby. If you do want to quit while pregnant, a medically supervised taper is the only safe way to do it. Long-Term Treatment Ativan withdrawal can feel long and arduous because it tends to come and go during the course of your taper. Some people finish tapering their dose within three to four weeks, but others may stretch their taper out for as long as 12 months. Longer tapers are not associated with better outcomes, but they may be more comfortable for some people.  It is very important to complete your taper without reversing direction. An Ativan taper should move continuously forward with decreasing doses. If withdrawal symptoms arise during the taper, the taper can be paused to allow the body time to adjust, but the dose should not be increased. For those who have been abusing Ativan, tapering alone may not be enough to maintain abstinence. Cognitive behavioral and other psychotherapies can help you understand why you feel the need to use or abuse Ativan and can help you make healthier decisions. If total abstinence is causing psychological distress, some people may aim for a reduced dose. Tapering toward a reduced dose can help reset your tolerance level and help you avoid the negative side effects of high doses. Resources If you are interested in stopping or reducing your Ativan dose, start by talking with your prescribing doctor. Primary care doctors and psychiatrists are both excellent resources. To make your dose taper easier on yourself, plan to work with a doctor who is conveniently located and easily accessible. You may need to make a number of office visits. To find a psychiatrist or psychologist who specializes in addiction treatment, you can use this searchable directory from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). You can also call SAMHSA’s national helpline at 1-800-662-HELP (4357) to find a provider in your area.  A Word From Verywell It’s easy for Ativan use to get away from you. Maybe your dose has crept up over the years and you’re having trouble concentrating and remembering things. Maybe you’ve only been using for a few months, but you’re worried that it’s becoming an emotional crutch. Maybe you don’t remember what it’s like to sleep without it. Whatever your reason for quitting Ativan, focus on it as much as you can. Withdrawal can be hard, but everything worth doing is. You’ll thank yourself in the end. Recognizing Addiction

How Does The Emergent Norm Theory Work

Emergent norm theory is a theory used to explain collective behavior. Turner and Killian argue that the norms that ultimately govern a situation may not be initially apparent to the participants. Instead, norms emerge through a process of social interaction in which people look to others for cues and signs indicating various possibilities of what they might expect. Emergent norm theory explains that collective behavior has a long history of turning violent, such as in the cases of mobs and riots. However, collective  behavior also applies to  fads  that can cause some good. The ALS ice bucket challenge is an example of collective behavior that raised money towards medical research.   The Four Forms  of Behavior Researchers  think that emergent norm theory occurs in four forms. While sociologists  classify  the forms differently, the most common forms are  crowd, public, mass, and social movements.   Crowd While there is debate over most of the forms, crowds are the only form all sociologists agree on. It is believed that in effect, people revert to more animalistic tendencies, and it is speculated that crowds cause people to lose some rational thinking ability. Some psychologist thing crowds have three base emotions, fear, joy and anger. The latter is where violent outbursts  most commonly come from.   Public The difference between a crowd and the public is that the public has gathered on a single issue.  Once a decision is reached on the issue, the public usually disperses.   Mass The mass refers to the media created by groups to reach others. All mass media would fall under this category Social Movements A social movement is a movement to change some aspect of society. Because so much goes into the study of social movements they  are often considered  their own category of study.

Lung Cancer Essay - 1990 Words

Lung Cancer Lung cancer is the number one killer of cancers of both men and women here in the United States. It accounts for 28% of the death rates due to cancer. In 1999, it is estimated that 1,221,800 new cases of cancer are expected to occur and out of these 171,600 are to be cases of lung cancer. (Meyer 1990) If lung cancer is the number one killer in the United States, one must wonder how it affects other countries around the world. One will find that the United States does not even have the worse statistics of death from lung cancer. Scotland, England, and Finland are the top three, then is the United States in the middle and below us are: Canada, Australia, El Salvador, and Syrian Arab countries. Lung†¦show more content†¦When these cells grow rapidly, they will form tumors. There are two types of lung that are known today, non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. Non-small cell lung cancer is the more popular of the two with 75%, it grows at a slower rate than the cancer cells of small cell lung cancer. If you were to ask a person in the street what the number one killing cancer is and chances are that they do not know what it is because it is under advertised. Most people would think that breast cancer is the number one killer in women because we have National Breast Cancer Awareness Day, pins for breast cancer awareness, and even promotional awareness such as billboards and commercials. What do people know about lung cancer? Obviously not enough if it is the number one killer and people continue to smoke. Over the years there has been an increase in an awareness of lung cancer. The Surgeon General’s warning is now on every pack of cigarettes, and more billboards are going up to make people aware. In today’s society it is not considered glamorous to smoke anymore. But that is about all the awareness that an average person can find out about lung cancer. There are no walks for lung cancer or Lung Cancer Awareness Day as publicized as like they do for breast cancer. If lung cancer is the number one killer in both men and women, shouldn’t they take a precautionary step such as a chest x-ray when a person goes for their yearlyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Lung Cancer839 Words   |  4 Pagesresponsible for nearly one in five deaths in the United States. Lung Cancer mortality are about 23 times higher for current male smokers and 13 times higher for current female smokers compared to a lifelong never-smoker. In addition to being responsible for 87% of lung cancers, smoking is also associated with cancers of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, pancreas, uterine cervix, kidney, and bladder. Smoking accounts for at least 29% of all cancer deaths, is a major cause of heart disease, and is associatedRead MoreLung Cancers And Its Effects1288 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION What are lung cancers? Lung cancers are the abnormal cells which grow in uncontrolled manner in one or both lungs. They do not function as normal lung cells and do not develop into healthy lung tissue. The abnormal cells can grow, form tumours and interfere with the normal functions of the lung (Lungcancer.org, 2015). Lung cancers can be divided into two major types, namely non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancers (SCLC). NSCLC can be further classified into threeRead MoreLung Cancer1304 Words   |  6 Pages LUNG CANCER Mohamed Almasmary Bio240 Anatomy Physiology 1 4/13/14 Lung cancer is a cancer (malignancy) that originates in the tissues of the lungs or the cells lining the airways. Lung cancer originates when normal lung cells become cancer cells, usually after a series of mutations, and begin to divide out of control. Lung Cancer is a disease which consists of uncontrolled cell growth in lung tissues. Lung cancer consists of two types, Non-small cell lung cancer, and small cell lung cancerRead MoreLung Cancer1571 Words   |  7 PagesLung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world, according to the World Health Organisation. In the UK, it s the second most-frequently occurring cancer among men (after prostate cancer), accounting for 1 in 7 new cases, and the third most-frequently diagnosed cancer in women (after breast and bowel cancer) accounting for about 1 in 9 new cases. However, numbers have dropped considerably in recent times, by about 16% in the last decade alone. Dr Patrisha Macnair last medically reviewedRead MoreLung Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1315 Words   |  6 PagesLung cancer is the number one leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Lung cancer kills more people than any other cancer, such as; breast cancer, colon, prostate, or ovarian. There are two types of lung cancer, small cell lung cancer and non-small lung cancers. These two lung cancers grow and spread differently. Small cell lung cancer tends to spread quickly and makes up about 10-15 percent of the lung cancers. Non-small lung cancer is the most common type, it attributes to aboutRead MoreLung Cancer1476 Words   |  6 PagesThe Genetics of Lung Cancer Catherine Hayworth BIO 355A/357A June 14, 2012 Colorado Christian University Cancer can be one of the hardest battles that one must face, whether that battle is lost or won, it changes the lives of everyone involved. Lung cancer is one of the most diagnosed cancers and it affects the lining of the lungs and the ability to breathe. Lung cancer is the number one killer of men and women than any other cancer worldwide. This cancer is mostly found in smokers andRead MoreLung Cancer930 Words   |  4 PagesLung Cancer Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world, its deadly claws stretched over all continents in the world. However, lung cancer is not just a disease; it can act as a magnifying glass; many social problems and goodness of society can be revealed through the causes of lung cancer. Lung cancer is formed when the cells of the lungs grow in an uncontrolled way, this creates a lump or a tumor which can either be malignant or benign. Smoking and unhealthy diets are all causesRead MoreHealth Care For Lung Cancer1224 Words   |  5 Pages2012 there was in increase in lung cancer deaths by 3.5%, this percent is still rising in women while it’s stable in men (CDC, 2014). Nowadays, about 402,324 Americans have lung cancer. In 2014, the newly diagnosed lung cancer cases are 224,210, they represent 13% of all cancer diagnosis (ACS, 2014). Lung cancer affects old people and always they diagnosed in the last five years of their life. Around 80% of people who live with lung cancer their ages more than 60 years (USNIH, 2011). In KentuckyRead MoreCause And Effect Of Lung Cancer Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pages Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancer known throughout the world. The most common suspect of that is smoking, then what happens to the people who inhales the smokers’ smoke? Are they also at risk for developing lung cancer from being a victim? The answer to that right now is that secondhand smoke alone is just a risk factor, there are no evidence right now that currently show that secondhand smoke alone can cause lung cancer by itself. This means that we need to encourage studies that areRead MoreCause And Effect Of Lung Cancer1612 Words   |  7 PagesIn addition, since emphysema is said to be one of the causes of lung cancer, it can be said that smoking is also related to lung cancer. As is well known, currently, there are no effective treatment for cancer. Smoking habit is the main cause of lung cancer. The probability of a smoker becoming lung cancer is said to be about ten times more than that of a non-smoker. Also, smoking hurts their own DNA, that is, the risk o f lung cancer extends to offspring. There may be people who think smoking cessation

Cadbury Free Essays

string(37) " coherent their motivational drives\." Chocolate Consumers Feeling Guilty For The Wrong Reasons†¦ STUDENT NAME: SANA SHROFF STUDENT ID NUMBER: 4069231 Table of Contents i. Introduction ii. Summary iii. We will write a custom essay sample on Cadbury or any similar topic only for you Order Now Objectives of research iv. Marketing and self-concept v. Motivational strategies vi. Cadbury and its decisions vii. Conclusions viii. Recommendations ix. references Introduction Cadbury has been upgrading its manufacturing facility in Australia since 2001 and has become one of the most popular confectionery brands and flavours in the world. Cadbury has a total of fifty per cent market share in the confectionary market, selling 50 % of the top 20 selling chocolate singles in the world. Cadbury is a market-oriented company, therefore its success relies on satisfying the needs and wants of its consumers. It is able to do so by constantly listening to its consumers and its ability of getting adapted to the constant changes in the environment. In response to these changes, Cadbury seeks to create new products, improve on its existing core brands and browse new ways to add value to those brands. SUMMARY The given case study recognizes the unethical practices used by Cadbury using palm oil instead of cocoa butter in one of their products to cut down on their expenses. This activity of Cadbury therefore left its consumers and other environmental organisations (WWF) attacked. It tried to gain back their consumers trust by their high profile announcements of using the fairtrade logo very shortly for the Dairy Milk Brand in key global markets. Due to the negative response of customers, Cadbury decided to get back to its Cocoa-Butter only formulae and apologized for non-environmental friendly decision made by them. This report illustrates that with corporate governance, ethical behaviour is an integral part of every business (referring to Cadbury in this case). It outlines the key features of the case study and majors out in the marketing/advertising aspect of Cadbury. It also outlines the relevance of self-concept to marketing and the connection between motivational strategies and consumer behaviour, with a brief conclusion on the case and separate recommendations for Cadbury. Unethical behaviour and lack of Corporate Social Responsibility may damage a firm’s reputation and make it less appealing to its stakeholders, whereas on the other hand, ethical behaviour and efficient corporate social responsibility can bring significant benefits to a business. OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH Chocoholics: * NZ confectionery market including seasonal products: $490m * NZ chocolate market including seasonal products: $315m * NZ block chocolate market: $100m * NZ Easter egg market: $28m Source: Cadbury Chocolate is believed to be a stress buster , energizing brainwaves and decreasing your stress level because it contains ingredients that cause the brain to release endorphins(chemicals that make people feel better) serotonin(anti-depressant). This is why people hog on chocolates or other sweets when they are angry or depressed. Chocolates therefore act a relaxing notion beneficial to your health. Research shows that the use of chocolates is on the rise global production of cocoa climbing up to 2% each year, reaching approximately 3 million tonnes. An anarchistic study by psychology professor Paul Rozin discovered that chocolates are eaten because of its taste. People eat chocolates because of its taste and its flavour. The activation your body gets every time you eat a chocolate provides feeling to your taste buds makes you come back for it again and again. Marketing Self-Concept†¦ The principal marketing goal for large business organisations is to focus on the most profitable opportunities in global markets in their own product category and can take the form of quality or quantity or a mix of both. There is a simple logic behind gaining profit with value-by adapting the discernibility and volume in the global market, a business is at its best to provide its consumer with quality products accompanied by the best value for money. Another marketing aim is to provide innovation in products along with quality and price which will therefore help increase the volume of sales and market share. Innovation is an approach of being unique and different, an approach that every firm aims by developing their methods of conducting a business. This approach helps firms to stay ahead of the competition. It can be fulfilled by identifying the new opportunities, adapting to the new changes in the environment, assessing the market research information and eventually allocating resources to commercialise on those opportunities. A firm that can easily adapt itself to the changing business environment and the constant changes in its consumers’ perceptions, needs, wants and interests will be able to satisfy its consumers accurately with the most innovative products. The advancement of Cadbury’s Yowie in autralia elucidates these marketing strategies and provides a link between marketing and self-concept. This self-innovation by Cadbury has proven to be a successful product in children’s confectionery market in Australia. It even got voted as the best new confectionery product in the world in 1997 by the world’s grocery press. Yowie is a value for money, awakening and attracting chocolate product relating to a significant cause-the environment. This is how it exemplifies the innovation process from Cadbury of adding more value to a product in a socially fascinating way. This is how Cadbury has built its self-concept by providing its consumers with the benefits that they desire. Self-concept is significant for the study of consumer behaviour because most of the purchases made by the consumers are directly inclined by the image a particular firm has made of it. Marketers need to evaluate this approach of self-concept which will lead them to the development of more effective marketing programs. Compliance and consistency play an important role in establishing strong relations between self-concept, image of the firm and the final buying behaviour. Appropriate research, analysis and evaluation of the factors affecting the self-concept and their effects on consumer purchasing behaviour will provide more effective market strategic planning. Motivational Strategies The research done for this project shows that consumers do not evaluate the products very accurately precisely which therefore makes it difficult for marketers to coherent their motivational drives. You read "Cadbury" in category "Papers" Consumer buying behaviour depends vastly on the exchange between the inner self and outer urge. Decisions made in the market are influenced by moral values, social relationships, cultural adherence environmental conditions. We will now extend the list of ways for promotional strategies. there are various strategies used to attract consumers towards the brand and its products. Every consumer segment has its own individual motivation behind buying a particular product. The marketers therefore need to identify and isolate those strategies and perform their promotional activities. This makes it easier to target products and advertising in a more meaningful way to increase consumption. Referring to the given case, the food managers have also paid attention to two types of strategies to resolve motivational conflicts: * Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs * McGuire’s Psychological Motivations. These requirements play a significant role in predominance of consumer behaviour. Motivational conflict is an approach that deals with the colliding motivational drives of the consumers. Therefore here the product is used as a solution to such collision of drives. Maslow’s strategy has already been briefly examined in the given case, therefore we skip to McGuire’s Psychological Motivations. It is a classification system that organizes theories of motives into 16 categories which helps marketers to detach motives likely to be involved in various consumption situations. THE DIVISIONS OF CATEGORIES ARE: * Cognitive Preservation Motives: Identifies whether the brand has been performing well consistently. a. Need for Consistency b. Need for Attribution c. Need to categorize d. Need for objectification * Cognitive Growth Motives Includes self-control, variety, and difference of products and achievement of desires. a. Need for Autonomy b. Need for Stimulation c. Teleological Need d. Utilitarian Need * Affective Preservation Motives To reduce stress, express self-identity to others, protection of ego and need of reward. a. Need for Tension Reduction b. Need for Expression c. Need for Ego Defence d. Need for Reinforcement * Affective Growth Motives To increase self-esteem and develop mutually satisfying relationships with others. a. Need for Assertion b. Need for Affiliation c. Need for Identification d. Need for Modelling. According to McGuire ,these divisions would help to resolve the motivational conflicts of consumer buying a Cadbury. Cadbury and its Decisions†¦ Eventually, coming to one of the major hurdles of the case study i. e. , Cadbury using palm oil in its dairy milk product. Cadbury being a large family-owned business is the giant of New Zealand chocolate manufacturing and the 4th largest confectionery business in the world. Therefor it becomes the first of all brands to catch the attention of the general public. Consumers not only have high expectations out of Cadbury but they even enjoy Cadbury’s nature of reciprocating focus mainly on its consumers. But due to the flash of the palm oil incident, customers stopped buying chocolates in droves and The company lost its title of â€Å"New Zealand’s most trusted brand. Cadbury taking the decision of trimming its chocolate block sizes by 50g and replacing the expensive ingredient called cocoa butter by the environmentally perplexed and tremendously cheap PALM OIL as a cost cutting strategy which was aspired to be a smart response to the on-going global recession but foolishly turned out to be a public relations hazard. As for the very first time, Cadbury did not target its consumers in this decision-making process and focused only on their own costs and profit, not its effectiveness. Palm oil is a pugnacious constituent and is one of the principal reasons for global warming and accelerated habitat extermination leading to the deaths of orange-tans in vast numbers and is also considered to be the â€Å"single biggest threat for the survival of orang-utans in the wild†. Abundant amount of the oil comes from the land where existing rainforests have been lacerated and conflagrated just to make way for Palm oil plantations. Consumers got even more excited on Cadbury’s use of palm oil even though there are so many manufacturers out there using palm oil in their products because they had blind trust over Cadbury, it inheriting its brand loyalty since so many years and suddenly they hear in the news next morning that the market leader of the confectionery industry †¦having the largest market share of all†¦the role model for all beginner manufacturers has set the wrong example and followed a non-eco-friendly practice of using palm oil instead of its traditional cocoa butter just to cut down on its raw materials expenditure. This is why Cadbury lost its consumer loyalty all of a sudden. Conclusion Cadbury finally lost against consumer pressure and announced that it has decided to go back to cocoa butter instead of the environmentally harmful palm oil. Cadbury New Zealand managing director Matthew Oldham said he was â€Å"really sorry† and that the decision was in direct response to consumer feedback, including hundreds of letters and emails. Therefore proving that Cadbury can never let down its consumers to make profit and that it is surely a market-oriented firm. Members of the nearly 3500-strong Facebook group ‘Take palm oil out of Cadbury chocolate bars’ were jubilant at this news. Auckland Zoo director Jonathan Wilcken also congratulated Cadbury on their decision. Recommendations Cadbury needs to have more diversity in its product portfolio and use its profits in the needed areas of the business, for example-R;D, rather than depending only on its confectionery and beverage market. According to today’s lifestyle, due to rising obesity, more than half of the world has become diet conscious and is obsessed with healthy food and calories counting. Thus this is a threat for Cadbury affecting the demand for its existing core brands. New markets are an opportunity for Cadbury. In countries like China and India, where population is reaching the peak giving rise to consumer wealth and spending power, demand for confectionery products will also increase. REFERENCES * INTERNET * ARTICLES * NEWPAPERS * Peter Stimpson and Alastair Farquharson Cambridge International AS and A Level second edition. * Cambridge international IG business Coursebook. How to cite Cadbury, Papers Cadbury Free Essays ANALYSIS ON CADBURY’S CORPORATE COMMUNICATION PRACTICE 1. 0Introduction The Cadbury story is a fascinating study of industrial and social development, covering well over a century and a half. It shows how a small family business developed into an international company combining the most sophisticated technology with the highest standards of quality, technical skills and innovation. We will write a custom essay sample on Cadbury or any similar topic only for you Order Now (http://www. studymode. com/essays/Cadbury-527696. html) 2. 0Company Overview The Cadbury’s company began life in a modest grocer’s in the UK in the 1820s by Quaker, John Cadbury. The most popular item that he sold was cocoa, which made Mr Cadbury make chocolate. The success of this enterprise led John Cadbury and brother, called Benjamin, to form the Cadbury Brothers business, and in the 1850s they were awarded a Royal Warrant as producers for Queen Victoria, an accolade that the company still holds for the monarchy today. John Cadbury’s sons Richard and George took over the company in the 1860s, and five years later introduced a new way of pressing cocoa butter to form the essence of cocoa. They introduced a variety of different chocolates and began, for the first time to sell assortments in boxes that had attractive designs and pictures depicted on them. In 1905, the now iconic Cadbury’s Dairy Milk was launched, which is now the company’s flagship product. (http://www. blurtit. com/q4118850. html) 3. 0Mission and vision statement (http://www. studymode. com/essays/Cadbury-Schweppes-Versus-Coke-1151857. html) Company Background: Mission Statement: Our Core Purpose is: Working together to create brands people love. Vision Statement: Cadbury Schweppes is committed to growing responsibly. We believe responsible business comes from listening and learning, and having in place a clear CSR vision and strategy. It also comes from having the processes and systems to follow through and an embedded commitment to living our values. 4. 0Core Values Values: ? Clear Objectives ? Responsibility ? Openness and Integrity ? Quality ? Committed People ? Competitive Ability Simple Organisation ? Taking Advantage of Change These values are summarised in the behaviours they engender in our colleagues namely: ? Accountability ? Aggressiveness ? Adaptability 5. 0Logo 6. 0Colours The renowned name ‘Cadbury’ and symbolic purple are manifestation of high-quality sweetmeat according to mindset of the consumers. 7. 0Corporate communication based on type of stakeholders There are two types of -internal Employee engagement -external Website Broc ures Promo 8. 0Recognition 9. 0Crisis How to cite Cadbury, Papers

Poverty In The United States Has Long Been A Social, Political, And Hu

Poverty in the United States has long been a social, political, and human rights issue. Few people would say that it is not our moral duty, as social human beings to take care of those less fortunate than ourselves, to the best of our ability. I say few because there are some people out there who believe that we have no moral obligation to do anything outside of ourselves. These types of people have what is called a libertarian viewpoint. There is really no specific definition of libertarian, but it is associates justice with liberty andliberty itself with the absence of interference by other persons. In relation to the matter at hand, specifically poverty in America, libertarians are against taxing the affluent or forcing people to aid the starving and poor. One of the most influential libertarians of our time is Professor Robert Nozik. His theory of justice begins with the premise that all people have Lockean rights, which require that we refrain from interfering with others. Other than this we have no obligation to do anything positive for anyone else, and likewise, they have no obligation towards us. These rights are natural or inalienable because all humans have them and they do not come from any social or political institutions. These rights forbid us from interfering with a persons liberty even if it would promote some general good, or prevent anothers rights from being violated. Overall, the general idea is that people have the liberty to live a life free from intervention of others, and can lead their life however they so choose. In addition, he says that if a person acquired their fortune or possessions without harming, defrauding, or violating the rights of any others, then it is morally permissible to use those things however one wishes. This includes wasting, willing, or endowing the possessions to someone else. Even though many people are dying from starvation and malnutrition, Noziks theory of justice states that one has no obligation to help those people. The previous premise comes to form Noziks entitlement theory. Simply put, this theory states that people are entitled to their belongings and may use them as they wish, as long as they have fairly acquired them and have not violated anothers Lockean rights in the process. His theory is summarized as follows: 1. A person who acquires a holding in accordance with the principle of justice in acquisition is entitled to that holding. 2. A person who acquires a holding in accordance with the principle of justice in transfer, from someone else entitled to the holding, is entitled to the holding. 3. No one is entitled to a holding except by (repeated) applications of 1 and 2. Relating to poverty, libertarians feel that no matter how the actual distribution of economic holdings may look, if all involved are entitled to the holdings they possess, then the distribution is just. In addition, libertarians would be against government intervention in a society to either improve the social situation or economic situation. They feel that to tweak the economy, so to speak, would involve violating someones liberty, and therefore would make it morally unacceptable. By definition, libertarianism requires that market relations are totally unrestricted. This means that interfering with uncoerced and non-fraudulent transactions or exchanges between consenting adults is strictly forbidden. For example, a libertarian would be against government regulation of wages, since the matter of earnings should be decided between an employer and employee. Likewise, a libertarian would be against providing the poor with welfare, food stamps, and subsidized housing, because such programs are in direct contrast with their beliefs about liberty. Why is this? To them, liberty means being free in terms of the aforementioned theory of rights. All forms of public aid by definition are funded by the taxation of a countrys citizens, regardless of whether an individual wishes to support the programs or not. We, as Americans, essentially have no control over what the government funds with our tax dollars. Those supported by such aid have no right to entitlement, since they have not earned the right to the holdings by any means. Personally, I find the libertarians preference for private charity over public welfare quite disheartening. Although I do believe that the public aid

Reasons Ot Kill Animals Essays - Hunting, Predation, Wildlife

Reasons Ot Kill Animals Essays - Hunting, Predation, Wildlife Reasons Ot Kill Animals Reasons to Kill Innocent Animals As a woman and animal lover, I could understand Joy William's feelings and motives in The Killing Game. Ms. William's believe that hunting or killing of animals is murder, murder, murder. In this essay she states point blank that she is completely against hunting of any kind and for any reason. I can sympathize with her love and appreciation of animals, as I am a true animal lover and enthusiast. I am also, however, a rancher who Ms. William's ridiculed in her essay. I firmly believe in hunting over-populated game and predators of our livestock. I feel that hunting is a necessary act to keep a balance in our ecosystem between the people and animals of our world. Ms. Williams makes many true and dramatic statements in her highly sarcastic essay, berating all hunting of any kind. Ms. William's does not offer any solutions to overpopulated animals or protecting people from dangerous animals. I do believe that hunting serves a valuable purpose in keeping balance in our environment and pr otecting our lands. I have never personally killed a creature, and I probably never will. I have a love of animals and enjoy seeing them in their natural habitat. Like Ms. Williams stated, I do not believe that animals exist to satisfy my wishes to kill them. I love to wake up on a cool winter morning and look out my bedroom window and see thousands of Canadian Geese nesting in my pastures behind my house, and I get great pleasure in driving into my ranch in the mountains and seeing a doe and fawn drinking water from the lake. Seeing the wild turkeys running around, strutting their stuff because it is breeding season is another favorite time of year. I enjoy the wildlife and nature and protect it more than most people could imagine. Being lucky enough to witness nature first hand an own a piece of nature, I have also seen the destruction and danger first hand. I have witnessed the damage an overpopulated herd of pigs can do to our pastures. I have come in contact on horseback with bears and mountain lions and feared for my life. I have seen the deer populations plummet because mountain lions have become overpopulated due to government regulation. Not only do they harm their own species by running out of food, water and environment, they disrupt the balance of the other species they cohabitate with. When the mountain lions are over populated; the deer soon are under-populated, as a result there arent enough deer to feed all the mountain lions and they start feeding off species they wouldnt normally prey on. This is when most mountain lions venture toward people and homes. Balance is the key to a happy environment. On our ranch in the mountains, wild pigs are abundant. They tear up our land by rooting in every soft piece of pasture they can find. They also multiply like rabbits, or should I say pigs. They tend to have 5-10 piglets in each litter and have several litters per year. My brothers and friends hunt the wild pigs on a regular basis. We do have all the meat cut and wrapped, eat some of it, and donate some to less fortunate people. We feel a responsibility to eat what we take from the land. We are also keeping the populations in check and protecting our land from their abuse. There is no way we would or could ever eliminate the wild pigs, but we do what is necessary to keep it from getting out of hand. In her essay, Ms. William's offers no solutions to control animals becoming overpopulated or urban encroachment. While it is well and good to have a touchy feely view that no animal should be killed, it is unrealistic to think that we will just let the animals roam free and overpopulate. Nature is intended to have hunters and the hunted. In certain species, the only predator is the human. Without our help in controlling those populations, they will desecrate their prey populations and have to find a new prey. With urban encroachment and human population growth, we

How Much Do SAT Subject Tests Cost

How Much Do SAT Subject Tests Cost SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Manycompetitive college programsrequire high school students to submit SAT Subject Test scores to be eligible for admission.This usually means spending a little more money on test registration, but fee waivers are available if you're eligible. In this article, I’ll go through how much each SAT Subject Test costs and how fee waivers work for these tests. How Much Does an SAT Subject Test Cost? When you register for subject tests, there is a basic registration fee of $26.This is not associated with a specific test; it’s just a baseline fee that everyone has to pay.Since you'll pay a registration fee for each test date, it makes sense to take multiple tests on the same date.This saves money because you’ll only pay the $26 once rather than two or three times. It costs an additional $18 on top of the $26 registration fee for most subject tests, but the per-test fee goes up to $26 for the language tests with listening sections.These tests include French with Listening, German with Listening, Spanish with Listening, Chinese with Listening, Japanese with Listening, and Korean with Listening. So, if you took the Math 2 Subject Test and the Japanese with Listening Subject Test, you would be charged $26 (basic registration fee) plus $18 (fee for Math 2) plus $26 (fee for Japanese with Listening) for a total of $70. You can take anywhere from one to three regular subject tests on one test date, but you can only take one listening subject test per test date.This means you might be charged as little as $44 for one test day (registration fee plus one regular subject test) or as much as $88 (registration fee plus one listening subject test and two regular subject tests). In comparison, registration for the regular SAT with the essay costs $54.50. That price drops to $43 if you choose to take itwithout the essay. If you don’t make the regular registration deadline, you'll have to pay a late registration fee of $28.There’s also an extra $28 fee if you decide to change your test date, center, or type of test after registration.Waitlist status is available for SAT Subject Tests for an additional fee of $46.You can read more about the SAT waitlist here. This rabbit would ace the listening subject tests. Can You Get a Fee Waiver for SAT Subject Tests? Yes!If you’re eligible, you'll get two fee waivers for the regular SAT and two fee waivers for SAT Subject Tests.One fee waiver covers a whole day of testing for Subject Tests, so you can take three tests with just one fee waiver if you take them all on the same day!You can also use fee waivers for late registration at no extra cost if you miss the regular deadline. But how do you get a fee waiver?If you’re a student in the US, you can qualify for a waiver if one of the following applies to you: You are eligible to participate in the National School Lunch Program Your family meets income eligibility guidelines set by the USDA Food and Nutrition Service You are enrolled in a government program that helps students from low-income families You live in public housing, a foster home, or are homeless You are a ward of the state or an orphan If you think you may need a fee waiver to take SAT Subject Tests, speak to your guidance counselor.Even if you’re not sure you meet the eligibility requirements, it doesn’t hurt to ask in case you do!If you’re eligible for a fee waiver, you’ll also get four additional free score reports and up to four application fee waivers that are valid at most colleges. You'll get two free passes for SAT Subject Test registration if you're eligible for a fee waiver. Conclusion Individual SAT Subject Tests are less expensive than the regular SAT, but they can get a little pricey if you plan to take two or three of them.For standard registration, you have to pay a baseline fee of $26 plus $18 for each regular Subject Test and $26 for each Subject Test with a listening section.You’ll be charged an extra fee for late registration and for making changes to your registration after you've already signed up. Fee waivers are available for SAT Subject Tests if you’re eligible.You will get two SAT Subject Test waivers, and each waiver covers a full day of testing.Try to take all of your subject tests on the same date so that you only have to pay the registration fee once or, if you got the two fee waivers, can retake the test(s) for free. What's Next? Are you unsure of what your target score should be on SAT Subject Tests? Find outwhat a good score looks like for you. If you're still trying to pick your subject tests, read our guide to deciding which ones to take. If subject tests are stressing you out, take a look at this article detailing the easiest tests you can take to get this requirement out of the way. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below:

Lyndon Johnson and the Roots of Contemporary Conservatism Essay

Lyndon Johnson and the Roots of Contemporary Conservatism - Essay Example Thie essay "Lyndon Johnson and the Roots of Contemporary Conservatism" discusses the views of Tom Wicker who has dealt with a very strong aspect of the presidency. The main aspects that have been discussed are the fact that even though a President has given the country his best and provided the country with a chance to improve to great extents. In this case, the main focus has been on a President who has given America a lot of benefits and improvements – Lyndon Johnson. Lyndon Johnson has some very conservative views and an undying need to improve and better himself and provide America with all the possible benefits that he can bring to the country. There has been a clear and straight forward approach to the general issues of societies like the unemployment, urban poverty and much more. The main theme of this essay has been to provide readers with a view of the amount of work done by a president yet the disgrace they received.I completely agree with the views of Tom Wicker and I feel that people who give the country the best of their efforts and help the country progress through the macroeconomic factors. Yet the names of these people and the amount of work and efforts of these individuals have been going waste and unrecognized. Wicker has touched on a very sensitive issue which is never brought up by any one due to the number of questions that have been unanswered for years. I completely agree with this point. There is a very strong need for people to be recognized for their work.

Bluetooth technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bluetooth technology - Essay Example For example, through Bluetooth technology, one is able to talk on a mobile phone via a wireless headset, update an appointment on a friend’s PDA calendar from personal PDA or operate a computer via a wireless keyboard. Bluetooth enabled devices are equipped with their own complete software framework and protocol stack that enable them to disseminate data to other devices within a close range (Minoli 308). History of Bluetooth Technology The origin of Bluetooth can be traced to 1998 when the Bluetooth Interest Group (SIG) was created and Bluetooth adopted as the official name of the resulting technology. In 1999, Bluetooth Specification 1.0 was released leading to declaration of Bluetooth as the Best of Show Technology by COMDEX (Minoli 308). Shortly after in the year 2000, the first Bluetooth enabled mobile phone, PC card, headset, laptop, and mouse as well as USB dongle prototype were launched at COMDEX. The following year, the Bluetooth SIG Inc was established and followed i mmediately with the launch of the first hands-free Bluetooth enabled car kit. This was followed by the launch of the first Bluetooth enabled digital camera and the first GPS receiver in 2002. In the same year, the IEEE (Palanivelu and Nakkeeran 180) approved 802.15.1 specification for Bluetooth. The first Bluetooth based MP3 was unveiled in 2003, the same year when the FDA gave the green light for Bluetooth controlled medical system. The Enhanced Data Rate (EDR) was adopted in by the SIG Inc, in 2004 alongside 250 million Bluetooth embedded devices and stereo headphones. The greatest breakthrough came in 2006 when Bluetooth was installed in over one billion devices. Contemporary research focuses on employing the advantages of the Bluetooth technology in the healthcare domain, whereby individuals will be able to rely on Bluetooth enabled wireless devices to keep track of their body temperature, metabolism rate and pressure count (Palanivelu and Nakkeeran 180). These devices will thro ugh Bluetooth transmission collect important health information from patients then share them with a doctor through a PC or a cellular phone. Goals of the Bluetooth Technology Bluetooth technology was intended to provide solution to the problems inherent in infrared systems that was already in use in most television remote sensing control systems. While infrared is reliable and fairly less costly, the devices rely on line of sight technology requiring the receiver device to be within a pointing range (Palanivelu and Nakkeeran 181). This means that infrared cannot be used across walls or to control devices in different rooms even if they are all within a sensing range. There was therefore need for a wireless technology that could be relied on to operate several devices simultaneously in the absence of line of sight, which made Bluetooth more appropriate. Additionally, the Bluetooth technology was the most ideal technology that would provide wireless interactivity/connectivity between two paired devices at low frequency and with minimum interference (Palanivelu and Nakkeeran 181). Other significant goals for devising the technology included managing cross device communication at low power, low cost and dynamic networking for mobile devices How Bluetooth Works Bluetooth networking system transmits data through low power radio waves, enabling communication at a remote frequency of about 2.45gigahert. The low frequency

Hamlets Themes Revived in Great Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

Hamlet's Themes Revived in Great Expectations      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Many of Hamlet's themes are revived in the text of Great Expectations. Charles Dickens creates characters and plots that are intertextually linked with the elements of the fatherly ghost and revenge in Hamlet. Pip chronicles his quest for self-discovery and establishing and/or diminishing his relationships with fatherly figures. In doing so he, much like Hamlet, is challenged by situations filled with revenge and dauntless ghosts. By Dickens integrating the Hamlet motif into Great Expectations, he promotes the reader's understanding of the dominant themes and message of Pip's tragedy, which directly correlate to the character of Prince Hamlet. Dickens makes references to Hamlet throughout the novel, but he establishes strong parallels particularly in the first and thirty-first chapters of his novel. Furthermore, Dickens dedicates chapter thirty-one to an actual performance of the play. He connects the roles the reader is to recognize Pip portraying in hi s life to the actors and scenes being comically reenacted on stage. In order for Dickens to emphasize Pip's inconsistent identity, he relies on a commentary on each of the boy's attempts to play the role of someone else. Besides the resonance of Prince Hamlet in Pip's character, the fatherly figures of Joe and Magwitch are drawn in the image of the Ghost of Hamlet's father. Both Hamlet and Great Expectations bear the struggles of young men striving to fulfill their obligations to a vengeful father figure. The fatherly figures propel their "sons" to attain the place in society which they lacked a chance to themselves, but the fatherly intentions only lead to Hamlet and Pip's self-destruction. Hamlet is defeated by his contempt and lust to satisfy the revenge his father seeks through him. In Great Expectations, Pip is given the fortunate opportunity to escape the constraint of revenge; despite a difficult journey, he ultimately succeeds in becoming a gentleman. Pip, unlik e Hamlet, learns to avoid the vengeful behavior which soured his expectations; rather he accepts the just father figure of Joe and distinguishes his identity.    Parallels to Hamlet can be drawn throughout the text of Great Expectations, but the issues that relentlessly plague Pip and Hamlet are both introduced in the novel's first chapter.

Defining research problem and setting objectives Essay

1. Defining Research Problem and Setting Objectives The Research Problem. The problem identified might be too broad in coverage; therefore it has to be narrowed down to a specific research problem in a specific setting. Question relative to the problem may be raised: a. Are the problems on the youth’s undesirables values also felt in the local setting of the study? b. To what extent are these problems felt? c. What may be their causes? d. What recommendations can be proposed to minimize, if not solve the problems? Thus, from the problem statement, research questions are formulated. Sources of a Problem. Research problem may be derived from the following: a. Experiences and observations b. Vast amount of literature in your own field c. Courses that you have taken d. Journals, books, magazines, or abstracts e. Theses and dissertations (focused on recommendation) f. Professors and classmates g. Internet Formulating the Research Problem Reviewing what is already known about a problem situation through the search for related literature and studies is an essential part of the research process. A good review of information will suggest the social, economic, political, cultural and historical aspects of the problem. This wille help to narrow the focus of the proposed investigation. IT will indicate the major theoretical concepts and operational variables other researchers have considered important. It will suggest possible research hypotheses that need to be tested and it will help the researcher avoid the areas of study which have already been explored by other researchers many times over. a. Defining Research Problem (Non-developmental research) Title is used as â€Å"guide† in the search for literature and developing the outline of your paper. Example: â€Å"THE ACCEPTABILITY OF HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM (HRIS) USING BIOMETRICS AT QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY: BASIS FOR IMPLEMENTATION† Having chosen the specific topic for your thesis, it is definite that you have something in mind that is finding a solution. It must be something which can be a technological need or problem. The problem must be well-defined. It is important that you identify the Main Problem or the overall problem and the Specific Problems relating to your thesis proposal. In defining your research problem, it is necessary that you create interest in your reader. The introduction in your problem definition or statement of the problem should present why you choose a particular topic or subject. There are various ways on how you can present the introduction. Some do it by asking questions which would lead to the presentation of the identified problem. Others start with a narrative story on how the problem came about or how it was discovered. There are people who begin with current and relevant issues in their introduction. But although there are different approaches in writing the introduction, the objective remains the same –to show that the problem being considered for research really exists. Examples are: Main problem: How to determine the acceptability of the HRIS using biometrics for QCPU, if it will totally eliminate the inaccuracies and/or inconsistencies of the present attendance/time monitoring system of the faculty and staff? Specific Problems: 1) The time/attendance record of the faculty and staff which is the basis of salary computation is unreliable. 2) The available commercial computer software for attendance monitoring is very expensive. 3) The computation of salaries/honorarium is done manually which is a very slow process. b. Setting the Research Objectives (Developmental research) Title is used as â€Å"guide† in the search for literature and developing the outline of your paper. Example: â€Å"HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM USING BIOMETRICS FOR QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY† It is equally important that the objectives why you are pursuing this particular thesis proposal must be established. The objectives are identified as to General or Main Objectives and Specific Objectives. General Objective: The general objective of the study is to develop and evaluate accurate and reliable employees’ time/attendance capturing system for QCPU faculty and staff using Biometrics. Specific Objectives: The study has the following specific objectives: 1) To design a system that would capture the time/attendance of faculty and staff using biometrics. 2) To construct a computer-based system of attendance monitoring that is cost-effective and is capable of generating daily, weekly, monthly reports. 3) To design a centralized database using Vb.Net and MySQL 4) To evaluate the performance of the developed system. 2. The Research Title Characteristics of a research title: a. The title signifies a very timely and significant contribution to the needs of society in general and to the agency in particular. b. The title of a thesis should be a specific and concise statement of the topic c. It should refer to the major variables or theoretical issues investigated; d. Its principal function is to inform the reader about the study, therefore, it should be explanatory by itself; e. The title should focus on the topic investigated and the main variables studied. f. The recommended maximum length for the title is 10 to 20 substantive words. Formulate the Research Title Title is used as â€Å"guide† in the search for literature and developing the outline of your paper. Example: a. â€Å"ACCEPTABILITY OF HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM USING BIOMETRICS AT QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY: BASIS FOR IMPLEMENTATION† (non-developmental research) b. â€Å"HUMAN RESOURCE INFORMATION SYSTEM USING BIOMETRICS FOR QUEZON CITY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY† (developmental research)

Preparedness and Emergency Management - 1355 Words

A Case Study of Knowledge Transfer Between Preparedness and Emergency Management Thomas R. Hamblin University of Massachusetts at Lowell Abstract This paper examines a case study about the transfer of knowledge between preparedness and emergency response as conducted by Kerstin Erikkson of Lund, Sweden University. Erikkson (2009) conducted the case study by analyzing emergency response following Gudrun, a storm with hurricane force wind gusts that struck the South of Sweden in January 2005. This disaster caused significant damage to the region s critical infrastructure, such as roadways, railways, telecommunications systems, and electrical power supply. The storm also resulted in power outages for roughly three-quarters of a†¦show more content†¦He identifies two reasons for this lack of implementation and why there was an absence of knowledge transfer between the preparedness and emergency response stages. Specifically, Erikkson points out that analyzed scenarios do not have the same level of seriousness that an actual incident presents, particularly in regard to the extent of damage caused by such disasters. In addition, he also identifies the absence of an organization designated to delegate preparedness tasks to other emergency response organizations, which would in-turn allow response units to have clear and predetermined areas of responsibility. The author of this paper agrees with Erikkson (2009) in that the transfer of knowledge is not an easily identified process. Through his case study of Gudrun, Erikson found knowledge written in plans is seldom appropriately transferred. He also specified different parameters that are generally considered to affect emergency response, which are thereby important to identify and address in disaster preparation. As such, planners should identify and analyze emergency response patterns that are the same for all incidents. 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